Year: 2026 | Month: November | Volume: 16 | Issue: 11 | Pages: 83-92
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20261110
Dyslipidemia Patterns and In-Hospital Outcomes in Young Adults with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Central Indian Study
Surbhi Maheshwari1, Krishna Murari Pathak1
1PG resident, Dept. of General Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore
Corresponding Author: Surbhi Maheshwari
ABSTRACT
Background: Early coronary artery disease (CAD) is an emerging public health problem in India, where young individuals are frequently admitted with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Although dyslipidemia is a major modifiable risk factor, its pattern and clinical implications remain understudied in young patients with CAD-ACS in Central India.
Subject and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Indore, India, from January to December 2024. Patients aged 18–45 years with a definite diagnosis of CAD-ACS were consecutively enrolled after obtaining informed consent. A total of 120 patients underwent detailed clinical evaluation and fasting lipid profiling. Dyslipidemia was classified according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. Patients were followed for in-hospital outcomes, including arrhythmias, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and mortality. Data were analysed using JAMOVI, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean age of the 120 patients was 37.46 ± 5.72 years, and 73.3% were male. Combined dyslipidemia was the predominant pattern (74.2%). Low HDL was the most prevalent lipid abnormality (76.7%), followed by elevated LDL (55%) and hypertriglyceridemia (50%). STEMI was the most common ACS presentation (60.8%), and dyslipidemia pattern was significantly associated with ACS type (p=0.005). Arrhythmias occurred in 15% of patients and were associated with significantly higher total cholesterol (p=0.029), LDL (p=0.002), and triglyceride levels (p=0.036). Triglycerides (ρ=0.240, p=0.008) and total cholesterol (ρ=0.193, p=0.035) showed significant positive correlations with ICU-stay duration. In-hospital mortality was 4.2%, and dyslipidemia pattern was significantly associated with mortality (p=0.043).
Conclusion: Young adults with CAD-ACS demonstrated a high burden of dyslipidemia, predominantly combined dyslipidemia, with low HDL as the most frequent abnormality followed by elevated LDL and hypertriglyceridemia. Lipid abnormalities showed differential associations with arrhythmias, ICU-stay duration, and in-hospital mortality. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive lipid profiling in young patients with CAD-ACS rather than focusing on a single lipid abnormality.
Key words: Acute coronary syndrome, dyslipidemia, low HDL, elevated LDL, hypertriglyceridemia, young adults, India, in-hospital outcomes.