Year: 2026 | Month: November | Volume: 16 | Issue: 11 | Pages: 73-82
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20261109
Histopathological Analysis of Testicular Lesions: A Five-Year Experience
Manvi Tiwari1, Sneha Punera2, Tanu Agrawal3
1Third Year Resident M.D Pathology, 2Second Year Resident M.D Pathology, 3Professor and Head, Department of Pathology,
Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences (SRMSIMS), Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
Corresponding Author: Dr. Tanu Agrawal
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Testicular lesions comprise a wide spectrum of non-neoplastic and neoplastic conditions. Non-neoplastic lesions are more common, whereas testicular tumours, though rare (about 1% of all male cancers), are the most frequent solid malignancy in men aged 15 to 35 years. Histopathological examination remains the basis of definitive diagnosis, and regional data from Uttar Pradesh are limited.
Aim and Objectives: To study the histopathological spectrum of testicular lesions in orchidectomy specimens, to categorize them into non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions, to determine their relative frequencies, to analyze age-wise distribution and laterality, and to compare the findings with other published studies.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive, record-based study conducted in the Department of Pathology, SRMSIMS, Bareilly, over five years. All orchidectomy specimens were included; small biopsies for infertility evaluation and autolysed or inadequate specimens were excluded. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, and neoplasms were classified according to the WHO 2022 (5th edition) classification. Data were analyzed descriptively.
Results: A total of 147 cases were studied, of which 111 (75.51%) were non-neoplastic and 36 (24.49%) were neoplastic. Epididymo-orchitis was the commonest non-neoplastic lesion (27.03%), followed by hydrocoele/pyocoele (19.82%) and abscess (14.41%). Germ cell tumours accounted for 72.22% of neoplasms; mixed germ cell tumour was the commonest (30.56%), followed by seminoma (22.22%), while non-Hodgkin lymphoma constituted 13.89%. Right-sided specimens (50.34%) outnumbered left-sided (40.13%); 9.52% were bilateral. Non-neoplastic lesions peaked above 60 years (36.04%), whereas neoplastic lesions peaked in the third decade (36.11%).
Conclusion: Non-neoplastic lesions form the majority of orchidectomy specimens, with epididymo-orchitis the commonest. Neoplasms formed nearly a quarter of cases, a higher proportion than in most Indian series, with mixed germ cell tumour exceeding pure seminoma. Histopathological examination of every orchidectomy specimen remains indispensable for accurate diagnosis and management.
Key words: Testicular lesions, Orchidectomy, Histopathology, Germ cell tumour, Non-neoplastic and Neoplastic.