Case Report
Year: 2023 | Month: April | Volume: 13 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 46-49
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20230406
Pentavaccine Induced Acute Kidney Injury in a Resource Poor Setting- A Case Report
Josephine Enekole Aitafo1, Martha Elizabeth Okorie2
1Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, 5-6 Harley Street, Old GRA, Port Harcourt, River State, Nigeria
2Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Pamo University of Medical Sciences
Corresponding Author: Josephine Enekole Aitafo
ABSTRACT
Background: Vaccination is a cost-effective way of preventing disease and promoting health. Most vaccines have little or no side effects. Although most vaccine adverse events are self-limiting and non-life threatening, some may be severe with long term health implications. Massive proteinuria with Nephrotic syndrome (NS) and severe Acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to acute interstitial nephritis and membranous nephropathy have been reported rarely following the 2009 H1N1 infuenza vaccine. There has been no reported case of massive proteinuria with severe AKI following Pentavalent vaccination in Nigerian children.
Case summary: We report a previously healthy two months old female who developed sudden onset generalized urticarial rash, acute pulmonary oedema, anuria, proteinuria (++), haematuria(+) and severe AKI (serum creatinine- 140umol/L, urea- 7.3umol/L, potassium-4.5umol/L; following vaccination with pentavalent vaccine. Symptoms resolved following fluid management and diuretics. A month later, she had another episode of AKI with massive proteinuria within 24 hours of a 2nd dose of Pentavalent vaccine. She also responded well to conservative management and has remained stable post discharge. She is still being followed up. It is possible that some cases of NS with AKI and glomerulonephritis may be secondary to hitherto unrecognized underlying pathology such as Vaccine induced membranous nephropathy (VIMN).
Conclusion: Thus, vaccine induced AKI should be suspected in children who develop sudden-onset AKI following immunization particularly in resource-poor centers where biopsy and electron microscopy are not readily available,
Key words: Penta vaccine, Membranous nephropathy, Vaccination