Original Research Article
Year: 2021 | Month: July | Volume: 11 | Issue: 7 | Pages: 235-242
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210732
The Presentations of Convergence Insufficiency among Young Adults (18-25 Years)
Jacqueline E. Obioma-Elemba*, Nnenne U. Onu†, Okechi U. Amaechi†, Peace C. Anyaoha*
*Department of Optometry, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
†Department of Optometry, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
Corresponding Author: Jacqueline E. Obioma-Elemba
ABSTRACT
Convergence Insufficiency is a major binocular vision dysfunction commonly found among the youth. The prevalence of convergence insufficiency has been studied extensively; however there are limited data available on the prevalence of the various presentations of convergence insufficiency among young adults.
Convergence insufficiency is associated with symptoms such as fatigue, blurred vision at near, intermittent diplopia at near, “eye strain,” tension in and around the eyes, and the sensation of the print moving while reading. However, convergence insufficiency may present with or without symptoms. The exact prevalence of convergence insufficiency is not known.
This study assessed the various presentations of convergence insufficiency among the young adults (aged 18 – 25 years) within the Imo State University community, Owerri, Nigeria, using a cross-sectional study design. Through purposive sampling, a sample size of 162 participants was used for this study after screening and pre-assessment. The Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS), the near point of convergence test, the Von Graefe phoria tests (at far and at near) and the positive fusional vergence tests were administered to all of the study participants.
Convergence insufficiency among the young adults of Imo State University presented with symptoms (without clinical signs, 14.2%; with clinical signs, 16.6%) and without symptoms convergence insufficiency (27.8%). The study revealed that convergence insufficiency with symptoms was the more prevalent presentation of convergence insufficiency within the study population.
A high percentage of young adults within the study population tested positive for convergence insufficiency, presenting with symptoms (with or without clinical signs) or without symptoms.
Key words: Binocular vision, convergence insufficiency, young adult, symptoms, diplopia, phoria.