Original Research Article
Year: 2020 | Month: November | Volume: 10 | Issue: 11 | Pages: 90-97
Serum Lipids and Apolipoprotein B/A1 Ratio Pattern in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Olufisayo Gabriel Ayoade1, Temitope Bello2, Olugbemi Motilewa3, Oyebola Sonuga4
1Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo
2Department Internal Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan
3Department of Community Medicine, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo
4Department of Chemical Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan
Corresponding Author: Olufisayo Gabriel Ayoade
ABSTRACT
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major health problem in developing countries, especially in Africa due to the burden of both infectious and non-communicable disease. Dyslipidemia is an established risk factor and independent predictor of Cardiovascular disease (CVD) which is the principal cause of morbidity and mortality among CKD patients. The apolipoprotein B/A-1 ratio has been reported to be one of the strongest risk predictors of cardiovascular events. The aim of this study is to determine the plasma lipids and apo B/A-I ratio and its role as cardiovascular risk indicator in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Method: 80 diagnosed CKD patients attending Nephrology Clinic were recruited with 80 age and sex matched apparently healthy adult controls between the ages of 35 – 70 years were recruited over a period of 8 months. Serum lipids, apolipoprotein A1 and B were determined after 8-10 hour fasting using enzymatic and immunoturbidimetry methods.
Results: apo B/A1, Triglyceride (TG), non-HDL, TC/HDL ratios are significantly higher among subjects with CKD than in healthy controls (P <0.001). The mean apo B/A1 ratio for CKD is 1.04 while for control is 0.60. HDL-C and apo A1 are significantly lower among the cases (P< 0.001). The commonest pattern of dyslipidemia in this population is hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C with a prevalence of 85%. The mean and prevalence of dyslipidemia increases as the albuminuria worsens
Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that dyslipidemia is common in CKD with predominantly hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C. Apo B/A1 is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events that can be utilized as a valuable tool in CVD risk assessment in patients with CKD.
Key words: Dyslipidemia, Chronic kidney disease, apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio.